Lithium May Be Overpriced, says Morgan Stanley

Morgan Stanley claims lithium price will plunge 45% by 2021, Pilbara Minerals not fazed

One of the world's most eminent investment banks, Morgan Stanley, has thrown a potential spanner in the works of the burgeoning lithium industry. Despite the gloom, Pilbara Minerals (ASX: PLS) has just secured an $80 million lithium concentrate offtake deal with South Korea's POSCO.

 From article, (Lithium prices have more than doubled over the past two years fuelled by rampant demand for devices and products that use lithium-ion batteries.

Mobile phones, laptops, tablets and electric cars have emerged as the front-running products to which the lithium-ion battery industry is most connected to.

A variety of companies from different sectors have begun to secure ample lithium supplies in order to facilitate ambitious production schedules that are expected to put over ten million new electric cars on the road just in the US alone, within the next 5 years.

Carmakers such as Tesla in the US and BYD in China, who estimate even steeper electric-car adoption rates, are responding to consumer demand for more efficient and reliable vehicles, but this has put pressure on existing supplies which many analysts predicted would be insufficient on a global scale.

But according to Morgan Stanley, Chile as a standalone country “threatens” to add at least 500,000 tonnes of lithium production in the coming years, thereby deflating any lithium inflation fears. The bank also says that “it would take much higher EV penetration rates to offset these surpluses.”

 Morgan Stanley, has thrown a potential spanner in the works of the burgeoning lithium industry.

In a research report published this week, the bank predicts the current growth of electric car sales to undershoot current expectations, thereby stoking fears that previous lithium supply shortages will become a redundancy and possibly leaving stockpiles of the metal unsold.

One of the major takeaways from the report, is that Morgan Stanley stipulates a required rate of 31% of all new cars sold being of the electric variety, for the current rate of lithium supply to balance with demand.

The bank says the current rate of new electric cars sold is only around 2% and would have to rise significantly to at least 31% by the year 2025 to “clear the market.”)

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Tesla Gigafactory 1, In Nevada, starts construction of World's largest roof solar panel array.

Tesla finally starts installing its massive 'world's largest solar rooftop array' at Gigafactory 1

Tesla finally started construction on what could become 'the world's largest solar rooftop array' at Gigafactory 1 in Nevada. Now that can be a little confusing because Tesla actually has a "solar Gigafactory", known as Gigafactory 2, in Buffalo where they manufacture solar products with Panasonic, but the actual plant is powered by hydro-electricity.

From article, (Tesla finally started construction on what could become ‘the world’s largest solar rooftop array’ at Gigafactory 1 in Nevada.

Now that can be a little confusing because Tesla actually has a “solar Gigafactory”, known as Gigafactory 2, in Buffalo where they manufacture solar products with Panasonic, but the actual plant is powered by hydro-electricity.

Gigafactory 1 is where Tesla produces battery cells with Panasonic, energy storage products for Tesla Energy, as well as its own Model 3 battery packs and drive units.

Tesla has the ambition to eventually power the factory entirely from renewable energy and in January 2017, they announced that they have plans for a giant 70 MW rooftop array, which would be the largest in the world by a wide margin.

The company wrote at the time:

“GF1 is an all-electric factory with no fossil fuels (natural gas or petroleum) directly consumed. We will be using 100% sustainable energy through a combination of a 70 MW solar rooftop array and solar ground installations. The solar rooftop array is ~7x larger than the largest rooftop solar system installed today.”

To be fair, there are much bigger solar farms out there that are installed on the ground, but Tesla is talking about rooftop solar arrays.

The Gigafactory 1 has a giant roof in the middle of the desert so it makes sense to install a giant solar array on top of it.

But a year after the announcement, there was no sign of a solar array at Tesla’s battery factory… until now.

The latest satellite imagery of the Gigafactory 1 construction site shows that solar panels are finally coming up on the north side of the factory.)

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$686 Billion Defense Dollars. Hopefully, it is Spent Well.

President Trump Wants $686 Billion for the Military. Here's How He Plans to Spend It

Trump's budget request would add ships to the Navy, fund fighter jets, and boost missile defense spending.

 From article (President Donald Trump’s $686 billion defense request for the coming fiscal year would propel the Navy toward a new goal of 355 ships, restore major funding for a Boeing Co. fighter jet favored by the president and boost missile defense spending to counter threats from North Korea and Iran.

On its voyage to a 355-ship Navy, the budget plan envisions building the fleet to 299 vessels by the end of fiscal 2019, which begins Oct. 1, and 326 by 2023. The Navy has 280 ships today, but some are nearing the end of their useful life.

Missile defense spending, spurred by Trump and supported by lawmakers over fears of North Korea’s accelerated ballistic missile and nuclear programs, would increase about 25 percent over the Obama administration’s last projected numbers for fiscal 2019 — to $9.92 billion, or $1.91 billion more than previously planned. It would bankroll 20 new interceptor missiles and silos, a new “homeland defense radar” in Hawaii and, for the first time, a “salvo” test to fire two interceptors at once at an incoming target.

Trump has praised Boeing’s Super Hornet, which former President Barack Obama’s administration sought to phase out. By contrast, Trump has at times criticized the costs of Lockheed Martin Corp.’s F-35, the most expensive U.S.. weapons system.

The Trump plan calls for adding 24 Boeing Co. F/A-18E/F Super Hornet jets in fiscal 2019, and 110 jets through 2023, as previously reported by Bloomberg News. The Obama administration had proposed ending purchases of the plane this year.

The Pentagon is requesting funding for 77 F-35s for fiscal 2019, three fewer than projected in the the last Obama plan. The Trump plan projects 84 of the fighters for fiscal 2020, the same as the last Obama plan, and 98 in 2021, or one fewer.

In addition, the Air Force plans $16.8 billion in funding through 2023 for the new B-21 bomber being built by Northrop Grumman Corp., including $2.3 billion next year for continued research.

The $686 billion includes $597.1 billion in base defense funding — the most ever if enacted — plus $89 billion in a war-fighting account. Of the $89 billion, $17 billion would finance readiness requirements “and other support activities” normally funded in the base budget, the Pentagon said.

The combined total falls short of the Obama administration’s post-Cold War peak of $691 billion in fiscal 2010, which included $163 billion in war spending. Trump’s overall national security package — which includes Energy Department nuclear weapons programs and defense-related activities at the FBI and smaller agencies — would total $716 billion.

The budget requests $6.5 billion for what’s now being called the “European Deterrence Initiative,” up from $4.7 billion requested last year, to increase the U.S. military presence in Europe, conduct more exercises with NATO partners and preposition equipment. It was previously called the “European Reassurance Initiative.”)

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Building Taller and Wider Wind Turbines is the Key to Lower Priced and More Installed Wind Power

GE Announces World's Most Powerful Offshore Wind Turbine, The Haliade-X

GE Renewable Energy has unveiled the world's largest offshore wind turbine, the 12 megawatt Haliade-X which measures in at 260 meters in height and boasting a 220-meter rotor, and is capable of generating enough clean electricity for 16,000 households per turbine.

From article, (GE Renewable Energy has unveiled the world’s largest offshore wind turbine, the 12 megawatt Haliade-X which measures in at 260 meters in height and boasting a 220-meter rotor, and is capable of generating enough clean electricity for 16,000 households per turbine.

The mammoth turbine was announced on Thursday by GE Renewable Energy in France, and it represents an impressive glimpse into the future of offshore wind turbines, only a week or so after European wind energy trade body WindEurope highlighted the need for ever bigger and powerful turbines. The Haliade-X 12 MW will produce 45% more energy than any other offshore wind turbine currently available and will be capable of generating up to 67 gigawatt-hours (GWh) annually, enough renewable power for up to 16,000 European households.

And that’s per individual turbine.

The Haliade-X 12 MW will likely first appear in demonstration form in 2019 and begin shipping to wind farms as early as 2021. Boasting a height of 260 meters, which is five times the size of Paris’ iconic Arc de Triomphe, the turbine will come with 107-meter-long blades — the longest blades to date at a length greater than that of a soccer or football field.

 The bigger wind turbines get, the more economical we can build offshore wind farms and the greater the size of those projects. Economies of scale works wonders for renewable energy development, and as was highlighted by WindEurope’s Giles Parkinson late last month, we need bigger turbines if we are to meet the necessary renewable energy targets to halt global warming in its tracks.

“The renewables industry took more than 20 years to install the first 17 GW of offshore wind,” said Jérôme Pécresse, President and CEO of GE Renewable Energy. “Today, the industry forecasts that it will install more than 90 GW over the next 12 years. This is being driven by lower cost of electricity from scale and technology. The Haliade-X shows GE’s commitment to the offshore wind segment and will set a new benchmark for cost of electricity, thus driving more offshore growth.”)

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Utah Legislature Moving to Adopt Standards for Driverless Cars and Trucks.

Autonomous vehicle bill rolls through House committee hearing

Paul Sancya, Associated Press SALT LAKE CITY - While federal legislators recently tapped the brakes on efforts to establish national standards for driverless vehicles, the Utah Legislature is cruising toward adopting state rules that would pave the way for autonomous cars and trucks to start sharing the highways and byways of the Beehive State with human operators.

  From article, (While federal legislators recently tapped the brakes on efforts to establish national standards for driverless vehicles, the Utah Legislature is cruising toward adopting state rules that would pave the way for autonomous cars and trucks to start sharing the highways and byways of the Beehive State with human operators.

In a presentation to a House legislative committee on Wednesday, Rep. Robert Spendlove, R-Sandy, said while current Utah statute doesn't expressly prohibit the operation of driverless vehicles on public roadways, his HB371 will specifically allow for their operation but avoids addressing, for now, what might be the trickiest part of a driverless future — insurance liability.

"(Utah Insurance Commission) Commissioner (Todd) Kiser's part is going to be the toughest part," Spendlove said. "(Autonomous vehicles) are not only going to fundamentally change transportation, but they're also going to change insurance."

Exactly what those insurance changes might look like is still an unsolved puzzle. National industry watchers have noted identifying who the customer is — the vehicle owner, the carmaker or (if it's different from the maker) the software developer — is likely a first crucial step in creating a new liability paradigm to cover accidents that don't involve a driver.)

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Standard $35,000 dollar Model 3: A Bait and Switch? Some Tesla Depositors Think So.

The Elusive $35,000 Model 3: A Godot-Like Wait For The 'Mass-Market' Tesla

Almost two years ago, tens of thousands of Tesla fans forked over deposits of $1,000 each to secure a place in line for what Elon Musk promised would be the first affordable mass-market electric car, the $35,000 Model 3. They were prepared to wait. But not this long.

From article, (Almost two years ago, tens of thousands of Tesla fans forked over deposits of $1,000 each to secure a place in line for what Elon Musk promised would be the first affordable mass-market electric car, the $35,000 Model 3. They were prepared to wait. But not this long.

Tesla informed many of its nearly half million reservation holders this month that Model 3 production challenges mean deliveries are taking longer than planned, particularly for the base version. “Standard” Model 3s – i.e., the one that actually costs $35,000 – now go into production in late 2018, rather than the first quarter, Tesla said after posting financial results this month. A lucky few may get one of those cars this year – about 2 ½ years after Tesla started taking deposits – but 2019 or even 2020 look more realistic for the majority of customers.

Musk's goal prior to the Model 3's launch last year was that Tesla would be building 10,000 a week by the end of 2018. It made fewer than 2,700 in 2017 and has raised output to about 1,000 a week. It had previously intended to be at 5,000-unit per week pace by the end of last year. Now it hopes to get there by the end of the second quarter but hasn't provided a recent update on when the 10,000/week rate, enough to build 500,000 cars a year, will be hit.

Tesla won’t say how many reservations it has for the entry-level car. Right now it’s focused on long-range premium versions that start at $49,000 and can top $60,000 with options. And before the $35,000 base car goes into production, Tesla plans to build dual-motor, all-wheel-drive versions that will also cost more than the Standard.

As wait-times for the $35,000 Model 3 lengthen, some would-be buyers are losing patience, based on comments by self-identified reservation holders on the official Tesla Forum site for brand fans and owners.

“I realize after this new delay that there was no real point to waking up early on 03/31/16. No point to driving about 45 miles to my nearest Tesla store to reserve. No point to switching my schedule at work to be able to show up at 6:30 am,” according to “The biggest joke of all,” a post by someone using the handle 3dwin that generated hundreds of replies. “My spot in line will constantly be leaped over by anyone ordering the long range, dual motor or whatever other option they release before standard range.”)

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Own a Tesla? Get a Tesla. Or, at Least Move to the Head of the Line.

You can get a Tesla Model 3 in weeks if you are a Tesla owner in the US

Tesla sent out a new batch of invitations to configure the Model 3 this week, but it's still only to current Tesla owners in the US. Interestingly, even owners who have just recently placed a new reservation can get the invitation and configure the vehicle for a delivery in 'about 4 weeks' - just like some Model S or Model X vehicles.

From article, (Tesla sent out a new batch of invitations to configure the Model 3 this week, but it’s still only to current Tesla owners in the US.

Interestingly, even owners who have just recently placed a new reservation can get the invitation and configure the vehicle for a delivery in ‘about 4 weeks’ – just like some Model S or Model X vehicles.

 We have received several reports from Tesla owners this week who hadn’t reserved the Model 3 over the last two years, but they decided to place a reservation this month and they already received an invite to configure.

Tesla has always stated that current owners of Model S, Model X, or Roadster vehicles have priority in the Model 3 reservation backlog, but the extent of the priority is greater than most people thought.

As we previously reported, we learned that if you have owned more than one Tesla vehicle, you get priority on more than one Model 3 reservation.

Now it sounds like the priority also extends to new reservations still being placed to this day.)

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In Boca Chica, Residents Worry About Rocket Noise and Tourists. Would they be forced to sell their homes? Other Residents moved there to keep tabs on SpaceX, to be part of History.

Neighbors Concerned SpaceX Could Transform South Texas

On a rainy day in February, the Boca Chica area is fogged in. Terry Heaton stands on a raised porch in his backyard. He squints into the light rain. "You can't see it now but we have a beautiful view of Port Isabell. We see deer up here a lot of coyotes.

From article, (“The idea, of some people, that this whole thing should be canceled so they can come down from Minnesota every winter and wreck the opportunity for Brownsville to be on the world map … seems ridiculous to me,” he said.

Goetsch moved from California two years ago to be near the project. He mounted a security camera to a 40 foot pole in his backyard to watch the development of the control site.

Goetsch isn’t worried about an explosion, he said he’s seen estimates that put them outside any serious explosion debris. He doesn’t worry about the company buying up properties — he wished they were doing more of it. But he agrees SpaceX doesn’t talk to people here.

“The general public gets frustrated by that,” said Nick Serafy, the volunteer head of the Cameron County Spaceport Development Corporation. He is one of the few locals that does talk to the company regularly, so he said he gets a lot of calls from people who want to know.

“They are very guarded about the information they release” he said, explaining the company is private and has competition. “I own some private companies and I don’t like to release it , especially if it’s proprietary.”

Serafy said the development corporation doled out more than $2 million of a $13 million dollars in incentives budgeted for SpaceX’s efforts.

He says it’s a good investment because of the 200 jobs that could come from it, and the public-private partnership with the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley that has produced a $1.8 million facility near the command center.

But its tourism that Serafy believes will see the biggest boon.

 More than 100,000 people poured into Brevard County in Florida for the Falcon Heavy launch, according to The Space Coast Office of Tourism. Serafy doesn’t think it will be that big, and even if it were, Brownsville doesn’t have that many hotel rooms.

“No, but they’ll overflow into Harlingen, McAllen. They’ll be a positive tourism impact for the entire Rio Grande valley,” he said.

Harlingen Economic Development Council head Raudel Garza says he sees the impact right now, and that Harlingen is expanding its hotel room stock by a third.

“Two of those hotel developers told me a year ago, when they were talking about bringing their hotels in at this time is they were trying to time it so they could be open by the time SpaceX was launching their vehicles,” he said.

Predicting SpaceX timelines hasn’t proved easy for even the company, who initially said they would be launching Falcon 9 rockets from South Texas two years ago. But Garza said the company will likely transform the area.

Boca Chica Village resident Andrew Goetsche agrees.

"Border patrol might be checking for red cards when Martian immigrants come to visit town," he said.)

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Elon Musk wants to build the Bay area another BART Tunnel for a 10th of the cost in a fifth of the time. Will politicians offer him the project? (With His Can do Attitude,They Should.)

Tesla CEO Elon Musk says his Boring Co. could build a new BART Transbay tunnel between San Francisco and East Bay for one 10th of the cost - Silicon Valley Business Journal

Tesla CEO Elon Musk says he could build the Bay Area a second BART tunnel connecting the East Bay and San Francisco in a fifth of the time and for a 10th of the cost of current projects. Local regulators and Bay Area commuters have long coveted a second Transbay tunnel to unclog some of the region's congestion.

From article, (Tesla CEO Elon Musk says he could build the Bay Area a second BART tunnel connecting the East Bay and San Francisco in a fifth of the time and for a 10th of the cost of current projects.

Local regulators and Bay Area commuters have long coveted a second Transbay tunnel to unclog some of the region's congestion. But a new tunnel would cost as much as $15 billion, and would need to be paid for by a mixture of state, local and taxpayer funding, and likely wouldn't be ready until 2030.

Musk tweeted this week that The Boring Co., a side company he operates in addition to Palo Alto-based carmaker Tesla, Inc. and his space exploration company SpaceX, could get the tunnel done faster and far more cheaply than the figures he's seen quoted so far.

Musk knows a thing or two about tunnels — he's been floating the idea of building a massive network in Los Angeles to get around that city's gridlock.

His remark was prompted by a San Francisco Chronicle editorial favoring a second Transbay tunnel.)

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Satellite Internet is the ultimate technology, to bring True Internet access, to the whole world. The interesting thing is, it may succeed where others failed, because SpaceX is interested in using its revenue, to bring people to another World.

SpaceX's Elon Musk dares to go where others failed with space-based web

When Elon Musk's SpaceX heaved two communications satellites aloft last week, he joined a space race that's foiled plenty of other dreamers. Billions of dollars have vanished in the quest to provide internet service from low-earth orbit. Globalstar Inc. and Iridium Communications Inc.

From article, (When Elon Musk's SpaceX heaved two communications satellites aloft last week, he joined a space race that's foiled plenty of other dreamers.

Billions of dollars have vanished in the quest to provide internet service from low-earth orbit. Globalstar Inc. and Iridium Communications Inc. crashed into bankruptcy but are still at it, while another effort folded despite backing from Bill Gates, Boeing Co. and others.

 Rusch said the technical challenges are daunting. Low-earth orbit systems need complex software to run constellations of satellites and sophisticated antennas on the ground to aim at spacecraft zooming from horizon to horizon. Costs quickly overwhelm savings from building smaller gear.

Boeing is seeking approval for 60 satellites, and the FCC last year granted OneWeb permission to serve the U.S. market using 720 satellites authorized by the U.K.

SpaceX's plan calls for 4,425 satellites, but it also has applied for an additional 7,518. FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has given his backing to the proposal, making it likely to win the agency's clearance to provide broadband via low-earth orbit.

The planned constellations would far exceed the current number of satellites being operated by all countries, which stood at 1,738 through August of last year, according to a tally kept by the Union of Concerned Scientists.

The two satellites launched last week are tests, John Taylor, a SpaceX spokesman, said in an emailed statement. "Even if these satellites work as planned, we still have considerable technical work ahead of us to design and deploy a low-orbit satellite constellation," Taylor said. The system would give people in less-populated areas access to affordable high-speed internet service, Taylor said without providing a price.

Satellites in low-earth trajectories operate 50 to 1,200 miles above Earth and orbit it roughly every 90 minutes. Traditional communications satellites operate much higher, at an altitude of about 22,000 miles and appear to hover in one spot because their orbit takes one day, matching Earth's rotation.

Lower satellites have an advantage in sending and receiving broadband because signals suffer less of the lag time that can interrupt phone conversations and streaming video. As universal broadband has become a more compelling goal, appetite for service by satellites has grown, said Tom Stroup, president of the Satellite Industry Assn., a trade group.

Satellites have become lighter and cheaper, Stroup said. "We're well beyond experimentation," he said. "We're moving into the next generation."

Musk helped change the calculus toward more frequent launches with SpaceX, which reuses rather than discards expensive rockets. As the SpaceX Falcon 9 prepared its Feb. 22 launch of two broadband satellites, Musk tweeted that if successful, they would serve the "least served."

The satellites — carried aloft along with a Spanish payload — are part of an ambitious plan that Musk outlined in remarks in 2015 as he announced an engineering campus in Redmond, Wash., near Seattle. Musk said the system would cost $10 billion to $15 billion to create — maybe more — but once developed, would bring significant revenue to SpaceX and help fund a city on Mars.)

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Sea Levels Rising? Can't Be! (Actually, Yes.)

New NASA Study Finds Dramatic Acceleration in Sea Level Rise

According to new research, global sea level isn't rising steadily - it's getting faster every year. The findings, which came from an analysis of 25 years' worth of satellite data, are bad news for all low-lying regions threatened by the encroaching ocean: It may rise twice as high by 2100 as previously estimated.

 From article, (According to new research, global sea level isn't rising steadily — it's getting faster every year.

The findings, which came from an analysis of 25 years' worth of satellite data, are bad news for all low-lying regions threatened by the encroaching ocean: It may rise twice as high by 2100 as previously estimated. 

The study, published on Feb. 12 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, concluded that in the next 80 years, the sea level may rise by up to 26 inches (65 centimeters) as a result of climate change, cutting much larger chunks from the coastal areas than previously estimated. [Which Melting Glacier Threatens Your City the Most? NASA Tool Can Tell You]

"This is almost certainly a conservative estimate," said Steve Nerem, a professor of Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder, who led the NASA Sea Level Change team that conducted the study.

"Our extrapolation assumes that sea level continues to change in the future as it has over the last 25 years," Nerem said in a statement. "Given the large changes we are seeing in the ice sheets today, that's not likely."

The study incorporates data from the Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 satellite missions, managed jointly by NASA, the French space agency CNES, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 

The researchers' analysis revealed that while in the 1990s, the sea level was rising by approximately 0.1 inch (2.5 millimeters) per year, today it rises by 0.13 inches (3.4mm) per year.

According to the researchers, the sea level rise is caused by two phenomena — the thermal expansion of water and the melting of glaciers, including glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica.) 

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Russian President Vladimir Putin says he would reverse the collapse of the Soviet Union if he could. Since he is President of a Fake Democracy, I would say he already has.

Analysis | Putin says he wishes he could change the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many Russians agree.

A day after unveiling dramatic new weapons -- including a nuclear-powered cruise missile -- that sparked talk of a return to Cold War tensions, Russian president Vladimir Putin suggested that he'd reverse the collapse of the Soviet Union if he could.

 From article, (A day after unveiling dramatic new weapons -- including a nuclear-powered cruise missile -- that sparked talk of a return to Cold War tensions, Russian president Vladimir Putin suggested that he'd reverse the collapse of the Soviet Union if he could.

But the sentiment appears broader than that: The Levada Center's polling found that a majority of Russians felt bitterness over the end of the unified economic system, while a smaller group said that they felt Russia was no longer a superpower.

Putin has been been leader of Russia in some form or another since 2000, making him the longest serving Kremlin leader since Joseph Stalin. This week, Putin used his annual address to announce a series of new weapon technologies that he dubbed "invincible," including nuclear-powered missiles that would be difficult for conventional missile defense systems to combat.

Thursday's speech marked a new low in U.S.-Russia relations in the post-Cold War period, experts argue. Some analysts say that while Russia already had weapons that could overwhelm U.S. missile defenses if needed, the public announcement of these hi-tech weapons was likely designed to rally a domestic base ahead of the March 18 election.

Putin is easily expected to win next weekend's election, with a poll conducted last week giving him almost 70 percent — almost ten times the share of the vote of his nearest rival, a candidate from the Communist Party.

 Despite his regret about the collapse of the Soviet Union, Putin told the audience on Friday that he wouldn't want to live in any other period than the current. Asked about his dreams for the future, the Russian president said: "I want our country to be successful, powerful, stable, balanced and looking ahead.")

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Who wins in a take all contest? A Tiger or a Bear? The answer, may make you think again, about which, would be worse to meet, in nature.

Remarkable video shows tiger and bear locked in ferocious fight

An incredible fight between a furious tiger and an angry bear has been caught on camera. The remarkable video, which was shot at the Tadoba National Park in the Indian state of Maharashtra on Wednesday, shows the adult tiger face off with the sloth bear.

 From article, (An incredible fight between a furious tiger and an angry bear has been caught on camera.

The remarkable video, which was shot at the Tadoba National Park in the Indian state of Maharashtra on Wednesday, shows the adult tiger face off with the sloth bear.

At one point, the tiger pins the much smaller bear to the ground, clamping its jaws around the animal’s neck, SWNS reports.

The tiger appears to be gaining the upper hand until the bear flips the big cat and charges it, raising up onto its back legs. Eventually, the bear sees off the apex jungle predator.

Citing Akshay Kumar, chief naturalist at Bamboo Forest Safari Lodge, NDTV reports that the tiger is 7-year-old Matkasur, a dominant male in the park. Matkasur had marked the body of water seen in the video as his territory, so he reacted aggressively to the arrival of the female sloth bear and her cub.

Desperate to protect her cub, the bear fights back. The cub, which cannot be seen in the video, ran away during the fight, according to NDTV.

The video of the unusual clash has gone viral.)

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